11. Dezember 2020
Misrepresentation without fraud A contract may be invalidated if it has relied on an innocent misrepresentation of an essential case on which a party has properly relied. Contracts under Seal Traditionally, a contract was a legal document enforceable only if it was coated with a seal. The label revealed that the parties intended to have legal consequences for the agreement. There was no need for a legal advantage or infringement of a party, the seal being a symbol of the solemn acceptance of the legal effect and consequences of the contract. In the past, all contracts had to be sealed to be valid, but the seal has lost some or all of its effects in many legal systems by law. The recognition of informal contracts by the courts, such as unspoken contracts. B, also reduced the importance and use of formal contracts. In addition, the restoration states that „A and B repeatedly promise to pay the same $100 to C. C can obtain separate judgments against any decision of more than $100 and obtain execution under one of the two judgments until $100 has been recovered. It is therefore covered to the same extent, whether or not it is a solidarity obligation. Innovation involves the replacement of a new party, while one of the original parties, by mutual agreement of the three parties, will replace a contract. A new contract is established on the same terms as the original, but the parties are different. Duress Duress is an illegitimate act or threat from one party that forces another party to perform an act, such as signing a contract that he or she would not have done voluntarily. As a result, there is no real meeting between the minds of the parties and therefore no legally enforceable contract.
Blackmail, threats of physical violence or threats to bring unfair action can be compulsive. The consensus of most jurisdictions is that the threat of legal proceedings, which might otherwise be justified, becomes illegitimate if conducted with the intent of corruption to force a transaction that is unrelated to the purpose of such a procedure and which is totally unfair to the victim. Specific performance is a fair remedy that requires a party to perform, as far as possible, a promised benefit if the monetary damages are not sufficient to compensate for the infringement. A land sale contract is specifically applicable, since the land is considered unique and unpaid with money. In addition, sentimental real estate as well as antiques, inheritances or unique items are considered unique, so it would be impossible to estimate the damage. However, a personnel service contract or an employment contract cannot be applied specifically because the Thirteenth Amendment in the United States.